作者：翟天保Steven
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实现原理

浮雕：

浮雕效果就类似于在一个平面上呈现了一个图案，通过卷积处理可以实现，模板如下：

$\\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0\\\\ 0& 0 & 0\\\\ 0& 0 & -1 \\end{bmatrix}$

将图像任意点(i,j)赋值为I(i-1,j-1)-I(i+1,j+1)+128。

雕刻：

雕刻效果就类似于一个图案在一个平面内，通过卷积处理可以实现，模板如下：

$\\begin{bmatrix} -1 & 0 & 0\\\\ 0&0 & 0\\\\ 0 & 0& 1 \\end{bmatrix}$

将图像任意点(i,j)赋值为I(i+1,j+1)-I(i-1,j-1)+128。

功能函数代码

// 浮雕
cv::Mat Relief(cv::Mat src)
{
	CV_Assert(src.channels() == 3);
	int row = src.rows;
	int col = src.cols;
	cv::Mat temp = src.clone();
	for (int i = 1; i < row-1; ++i)
	{
		uchar *s1 = src.ptr<uchar>(i - 1);
		uchar *s2 = src.ptr<uchar>(i + 1);
		uchar *t = temp.ptr<uchar>(i);
		for (int j = 1; j < col-1; ++j)
		{
			for (int k = 0; k < 3; ++k)
			{
				int RGB = s1[3 * (j - 1) + k] - s2[3 * (j + 1) + k] + 128;
				if (RGB < 0)RGB = 0;
				if (RGB > 255)RGB = 255;
				t[3*j+k] =(uchar)RGB;
			}
		}
	}
	return temp;
}

// 雕刻
cv::Mat Sculpture(cv::Mat src)
{
	CV_Assert(src.channels() == 3);
	int row = src.rows;
	int col = src.cols;
	cv::Mat temp = src.clone();
	for (int i = 1; i < row - 1; ++i)
	{
		uchar *s1 = src.ptr<uchar>(i - 1);
		uchar *s2 = src.ptr<uchar>(i + 1);
		uchar *t = temp.ptr<uchar>(i);
		for (int j = 1; j < col - 1; ++j)
		{
			for (int k = 0; k < 3; ++k)
			{
				int RGB = s2[3 * (j + 1) + k] - s1[3 * (j - 1) + k] + 128;
				if (RGB < 0)RGB = 0;
				if (RGB > 255)RGB = 255;
				t[3 * j + k] = (uchar)RGB;
			}
		}
	}
	return temp;
}

C++测试代码

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

cv::Mat Relief(cv::Mat src);
cv::Mat Sculpture(cv::Mat src);

int main()
{
	cv::Mat src = imread("dragon.jpg");
	cv::Mat result1 = Relief(src);
	cv::Mat result2 = Sculpture(src);
	cv::imshow("original", src);
	cv::imshow("relief", result1);
	cv::imshow("sculpture", result2);
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

// 浮雕
cv::Mat Relief(cv::Mat src)
{
	CV_Assert(src.channels() == 3);
	int row = src.rows;
	int col = src.cols;
	cv::Mat temp = src.clone();
	for (int i = 1; i < row-1; ++i)
	{
		uchar *s1 = src.ptr<uchar>(i - 1);
		uchar *s2 = src.ptr<uchar>(i + 1);
		uchar *t = temp.ptr<uchar>(i);
		for (int j = 1; j < col-1; ++j)
		{
			for (int k = 0; k < 3; ++k)
			{
				int RGB = s1[3 * (j - 1) + k] - s2[3 * (j + 1) + k] + 128;
				if (RGB < 0)RGB = 0;
				if (RGB > 255)RGB = 255;
				t[3*j+k] =(uchar)RGB;
			}
		}
	}
	return temp;
}

// 雕刻
cv::Mat Sculpture(cv::Mat src)
{
	CV_Assert(src.channels() == 3);
	int row = src.rows;
	int col = src.cols;
	cv::Mat temp = src.clone();
	for (int i = 1; i < row - 1; ++i)
	{
		uchar *s1 = src.ptr<uchar>(i - 1);
		uchar *s2 = src.ptr<uchar>(i + 1);
		uchar *t = temp.ptr<uchar>(i);
		for (int j = 1; j < col - 1; ++j)
		{
			for (int k = 0; k < 3; ++k)
			{
				int RGB = s2[3 * (j + 1) + k] - s1[3 * (j - 1) + k] + 128;
				if (RGB < 0)RGB = 0;
				if (RGB > 255)RGB = 255;
				t[3 * j + k] = (uchar)RGB;
			}
		}
	}
	return temp;
}